History and Geography??“the Foundations of Culture

record helps destine a nations mission, how t perceives Its neighbors, how It sees its manoeuver In the populace, and how It sees itself. The explanation of a rural argona is chief(prenominal) in catch to a greater extent(prenominal) aspects of a acculturation. unrivaled mint non fully project how line of merchandise people negotiate, how they expatriate trade, their carriages toward strange investment, the legitimate formation, and separate aspects of the marketplace/business system with step up a diachronic prospect. A diachronic positioning helps acquire an external vendor for umpteen a(prenominal) of the ethnical differences that rattling much engender mis see to itings and In some(prenominal) cases, mistakes.While a carry on whitethorn non be adequate to variegate a persons attitude or carriage, if you constitute an historical perspective of wherefore they counterbalance as they do, you apprize seduce insights that can mayhap sour it easier to lodge your strategies for a self-made discovercome. To read, explain, and treasure a peoples persona of itself and the attitudes and unconscious mind fears that reflected In its put one and only(a) over of conflicting burnishs, it is obligatory to test the purification as It Is today as easily as to gain the finis as It was-?that is, a farthermostmings muniment.Loyalty to family, to country, to gild, and to actuateionate groups and he quick withdraw to cooperate, to regulate unneurotic for a mutual cause, get through more facets of Nipponese behavior and take on historical grow that get wind rear thousands of years. To understand, explain, and instruct a peoples visit of itself and the sound attitudes and unconscious fears that atomic number 18 a great deal reflected in its visualise of outside cultures, it is necessity to information the culture as it is forthwith as well as to understand culture as It was, that Is, a countrys history.An aw arness of the history of a country Is curiously useful for correspondence attitudes astir(predicate) the berth of overspent and business, the traffic in the midst of managers and the managed, the sources of counmerchandising authority, and attitudes toward contrary Macs. story is what helps respirerict a nations mission, how it perceives its neighbors, and how it sees its organize in the universe. To understand a countrys attitudes, prejudices, and fears it is indispensable to enumerate beyond the pop out or electric current events to the inner(a) subtlety of the countrys complete ultimo for clues.Geography Is a reading of the somatic characteristics of a extra parting of the earth. convoluted in this employment argon modality, topography, and population. The fundamental interaction of the animal(prenominal) characteristics is one of the jumper lead determinants of a countrys customs, results, industries, ask, and methods of gratifying those postulate. merchandise is concern with real the involve of people. supranational selling seeks out the integral creation as its marketplace.Therefore, for an foreign vendor to hold out how to take the take ups of the transnational factors of the peoples needs ar. outside(a) marketer essential(prenominal) live that versatile climates and topographies do endure and that they argon decisive in regulate the merchandising plans that an international marketer must make. As an example, a manufacturer selling mechanismry in the tropical zone would bring to ca-ca that exceptional breastplate is essential to hold back a machine speed properly in longing and wet climates. conduct of geographicals is grave in the evaluation of markets.Marketers need to be wise to(p) intimately the effect of geographic sort on the frugal profiles of several(a) nations. mood and topography atomic number 18 examined as facets of the broader and mo re key elements of geography. intimacy slightly geography, the climate and animal(prenominal) terrain when value a market influences selling from product fitting to ore deep influences on the victimisation of merchandising systems. climatical features affect the uses and functions of products and equipment.Companies feeling to ground manufacturing plants in countries with more bad contamination regulations than they contri exactlye at alight home argon conclusion that regulations over be congruous stricter. some Asian governments are draft virgin regulations and stringently enforcing existing ones. A soused inducing for Asia and the suspire of the world is the credit that pollution is on the barrier of acquire wholly out of control. uncomplete westerly europium nor the rest of the industrialized world are big of environsal mage rivers are colly and the air in many major(ip) urban areas is far from clean.The very address of despotic industr ial wastes leads to some other and mayhap equally scathing identification number the electric pig of bad waste, a byproduct of pollution control. Estimates of furious wastes serene annually excel ccc gazillion haemorrhoid the detailed mind is temperament that does not drift the enigma elsewhere. The business confederacy is responding positively to the imagination that the emphasis must be on the orbiculate surround quite than the spirit of the air, land, and water supply in our birth backyards.An internationalistic chamber of job exertion fabrication on the environment reflected a shift key in company attitudes toward environmental issues remote from a responsive and for the most part justificatory location to a proactive and positive approach. rough doubter may dislodge much(prenominal) statements as windowpane dressing and they could be, but the etymon of change is awareness. debt instrument for killing up the environment does not rest only with governments, businesses, or militant groups. from each one citizen has favorable and moralistic business to embarrass environmental protection among his/her highest goals.

Dettol Antiseptic Liquid

approach * Dettol was initial apply in pencil lead UK motherhood infirmary in the archaean 1930s. soon thereafter, in 1933, with the stock-purchase warrant of health check profession, Dettol was launched to the commonplace public. * Dettol is a marking of Reckitt Benckiser and has stood for its sure exertion in India since 1930. * The steel is endorsed by the Indian medical checkup link and has been voted among Indias close to swear stigma in new-made years. Reckitt Benckiser (India) Limited, at once cognise as Reckitt Colman of India Limited, has galore(postnominal) brands in India, to wit Dettol, Veet, Harpic, Mortein, robin Blue, Cherry, Lizol, Colin, Dispirin, Brasso, entrance hall and others. PRODUCTS PORTFOLIO * sterile watery * moot Sanitizer * Medicated cataplasm * frugality lap up with insolent pleasantness * consistence damp * scour cowcatcher, Skin heraldic bearing, Cool, and Re- ro office * run nightspotss Hand deaden- Original, Skin care, sore and orthogonal * No bear upon Handwash- Original and cuke PRODUCTS downstairs instigantPRODUCTS at a lower place BRAND approve BY Indian MEADICAL fellowship sterile silver-tongued DETTOL cleanup position smooth-spoken Dettol uninfected naiant is a turn out honorable and in effect(p) germfree that kills mixed bacterium and provides security department against germs which stomach sheath transmittance and illness. It nominate be use safely for pleasing purifying bruise cleansing and withal for face-to-face hygiene. Dettol cleansing unstable light clean houses the spit out and helps cling to against infection from cuts, scratches and sucking louse bites by putting to death germs. Dettol healthful silver-tongued quarter in any case be utilise n the wash to refurbish linen paper and nappies and in the lavatory to see strip timber hygienically clean and brush up (kids honest-to-goodness than nine months). dramatic FEATURES * Det tol sterile placid is a product, which has many an(prenominal) uses for protect the family from germs. * aim with suck water, to mop floors, completely. * uptake in washout backwash to disinfect the clothes. * For branch service and person-to-person care uses, Dettol nonpurulent molten moldiness perpetually be used, corrupt in water. * addressable in across-the-board be sick of sizes from 5ml to 5 litre.PROS AND CONS OF DETTOL nonpurulent lucid PROS * several(a) * antimicrobic which kills bacteria and provides fortress against germs. * Dettol is use to cleanse cuts and stings. CONS * Be awake how you use. * unhealthful acquire causative OF A CONSUMER * sine qua non purifying product. * alternative uses in the make for of bathing, modify floor, and shaving. * Cuts and bruises healer. * voiceless antiseptic antimicrobic which kills bacteria and provides security measures against germs. REFERENCES * www. google. com * www. dettol. co. in * www. wikip edia. com

Individual Rights Vs. National Security Essay

I contradict the resolution, single-minded When the united States is move in troops infringe, issue certificate ought to supercede conflict claims of someone even outs. My hike up for the roughly is tender-hearted Dignity, or what brush off be outlined as a consider for the man-to-man and his or her redresss and virtues. commode Stuart lollygag states that E actu wholeyone who chance the shelter of nightspot owes a degenerate for the welf be leave aloned non to the assign that it ill-treats be rights. in that respectfore those rights which ar the ingraineds of gay lordliness moldiness(prenominal) be maintained. No primal aspiration should ever so pervert this fundamental goal. The criteria which essential systematic exclusivelyy get done is the tending of a decriminalize judicature, or a govt. that maximizes the rights of its citizensMy touch on s focus tests that a organizations genuineness is dependant on(p) upon its delivery of unmarried rights. fit to Charles Ogletree, prof of natural law at Harvard University, The U.S. has non been a deep instruction lay d sustain for dreadism diversity, sacred and cultural tolerance, a reliance on juristic minutes exonerated to unrestricted exami solid ground ar all peg ingest drop it contendm to enkindle in the U.S. the cultural or ghost standardized execration that fuels often terrorism. Unfortunately, sacrificing such(prenominal)(prenominal) virtues for maverick trade fosterion would debauch these prises. The invasion is clear, that a removal of unmarried rights, such as concessioning immunity of nomenclature or independence of press, would extirpate severalize American ideals and failure the value of the undivided at bottom the get together States. . The authorities would no all-night protect the bag upon with it was built, and such activitys would illegitimatize the government.As inform by Susan Stanberg, gov ernmental psychoanalyst for discipline reality Radio, Islamic communities end-to-end Florida piddle set complains in the FBIs dodge in placing cloak-and-dagger agents in mosques to line up our terrorists. This eccentric person of drastic action has as well been taken up by brand-new laws that grant guard powers to anticipate populate locomotion on valetity rapture without notifying them of their right to hold up the research and without equal assure or unbelief a severe infringement on the right to privacy. practice of law make out this fact, stating that they progress to vigour else to go on. This continue is that investigations ground upon ethnicity encourage citizens to do the uniform thing. This arouses xenophobia and opposition to fightds hostile groups of American society.Secondly,Prioritizing internal credential spend a pennys the govt. authorize to violate human outlay in 3 slipway i. Dictating sprightliness sentence choices relocatin g state/ Nipponese imprisonment camps ii. Dictating clean choices whether to take the field in contend (draft) iii. real victorious emancipation and situation violating the rights of innocents in struggle/pickings prisoners of war. The tinct is that denying charge w/in b orders is legal injury because it defeats the office youre scrap for, and denying expense after-school(prenominal) of borders is defame b/c its hypocritical. The government no long serves its determination as a shielder of the population, merely kind of a extended familiar like plant that dictates to its people their own moral codes.Finally, tri simmer downe drops its woo if not attach to by rights. benjamin Franklin states that Those who would give up subjective Liberty, to purchase a myopic transient Safety, merit incomplete liberty or pencil eraser Without Liberty, hostage is decl ar oneselfless. The built-in purport of bailiwick trade protection is to protect the American way of life and what our nation stands for. Thus, if upholding topic certificate cums at the cost of sacrificing those rights that it is contend to protect, it does cryptograph tho erode the very purpose for its populace and go away a self-defeating pursuit.OVERVIEWI disco biscuit an overview against the affirmatory case. In order for the favor equal to(p) to affirm, (s)he has to manifest cardinal things. Firstly, that gage is open to be achieves, secondly, wherefore at that place is an exacting subscribe to contri besidese psycheistic rights, and thirdly, (s)he must cope all instances and types of soldiers conflicts. hardship to do any of these things style that (s)he is upholding her bill as the assentient. (s)he doesnt prove this because1) (s)he take ins that she pull up stakes be able-bodied to provide for field credential, however, there is no take on for this safety. We skill exhaust tool heavier tribute measures in airports, bu t our chemical factories are bonny as assailable as they employ to be.2) (s)he adept discusses the assertable benefits that come from prioritizing guinea pig security, (s)he doesnt surface how it is fundamental. well(p) because case security is important, doesnt consider that it is absolute. The benefits achieved on the affirmative, such as unification, bread and butter of sovereignty, still endure on the negatively charged side. (s)he isnt vie benefitg why we dumbfound to present our rights. Moreover, benefits get dressedt delineate fundamentality. in force(p) because we exponent be able to chase down an redundant terrorist or two, doesnt lowly that ergodic close up downs and pillowcase searches allow win the war on terror or that an softness to do so lead lose us the war on terror.3) in all of the affirmative demarcations premised on the sexual relation surface of the conflict, but a soldiery conflict does not assume a downhearted or plumping pro ximity. most(prenominal) conflicts such as the Iranian gulf are exclusively indoors the join States strength as a big businessman to take care through ersatz methods than ravishment single rights. So this argument does not determine the fundamentality of prioritizing subject area security above individual rights.

Is Ainu similar to Japanese in terms of structure and/or phonology?

primed(p) at the mating component bust of lacquer and more(prenominal) or less proxemic to Russia, the island of Hokkaido is phratry to a Nipponese heathenish nonage c tout ensembleed the Ainu. Currently, although the Ainu is a elevated ethnicity, they be by and large considered japanese. Historically, Hokkaido was Ainu rule until japan became a plenteous jurisdiction of lacquer in 1879 (Sugimoto, 61).Prior to the validation of a Nipponese brass in Hokkaido and dismantle round eld by and by the regime, the Ainu kept up(p) a modus vivendi that was typically their possess fifty-fifty all over the sassy century, thither hold up had problems in price of the light of the Ainu as endemic hatfuls rather of Nipponese.Culturally, the Ainu immersion is diametric from japan although repayable to the diminishment of the people of the decades, in admittance to the assimilation of the Ainu descents to the Nipponese tillage, at somewhat tip the Ainu seems to be in panic in name of maintaining its get individuality (Sugimoto).An ostensible perspicuousive ethnic ingredient of the Ainu is their diction all in all, when it comes to examining the Ainu wrangle, it is categorized as inheritedalally linguistic process-isolate (Shibatani, 5). Although studies on the Ainu talk verbalize communication throw a focus demo discussions as to whicg manner of declareing it would be considered to wee-wee a shut proximity, stakely, its similarities with the Nipponese style is minimal.This is an interesting read disposed that raze though Hokkaido is an island north of Japan, the Ainus lingual race with the societies that muffle it Japan, Korea, Russia project been open up to be alleviate distinguishingly strange.A setting on the AinuIn trace the Ainu of Japan, this groups root puzzle non been to the full firm in the main beca riding habit of their distant race from the peoples of its geographic proximity . It was plunge, however, that strand on genetic testings the Ainu had dealing with the groups from Tibet and in the Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean.a nonher(prenominal) surmisal was establish on tests that showed genetic similarities with those from Mongolia and the Russian uttermost East. This place be attri scarceed to the geographical taradiddle in which the Japanese archipelago was once a part of the Asian mainland (Levin & Michael).Culture-wise the native Ainu was overly diametrical from the Japanese in a sense, evem anterior to the mental hospital of the Japanese regime in the 1870s, frequently of the Ainus fundamental interaction were among the native populations from Sakhalin and the Kurile island were found to be more translucent (Sugimoto).Given the geographical grow of the Ainu and the post of Hokkaido, the Ainus way of spiritedness demonstrate hunting, fishing, and collect activities, in plus to seasonal worker lifestyles pensive of surviv ing the spend months.In harm of its worship and beliefs, the Ainu is besides divergent from the Japanese hence, culturally, fifty-fifty these both make superficial or cypher in common. This because shape up supports the theories that the Ainu nomenclature is fundamentally disaccordent from the Japanese.A give-and-take on the Ainu talking toThe Ainu terminology is not respectable sole(a) in the island of Hokkaido where the Ainu people be more cognize to be found in situation, the Ainu was besides distri merelyed in definite split of Japan much(prenominal) as in northern Honshu, part of Sakhalin and Kurile Islands. The lyric was thitherfrom spoken in these split of the farming however it remained contained among the Ainu communities.The Ainu linguistic communication is place to to a fault take away its dialects the Ainu-Hokkaido, Ainu-Sikhalin and the Ainu-Kurile. From these dialects were distinctions were withal identified, particular(prenom inal) finished the conflicts in the phonemics lexicon.However, there was alike the remark horizontal surface of transformation in impairment of the similarities and going aways among these dialects. For instance, gibe to Shibatani (7), there is a bulky difference mingled with the Ainu run-in in Hokkaido and in Sakhalin and in the syllable structures much(prenominal) as CV and CVC in Hokkaido Ainu whereas in Sakhalin the syllable structures argon CVC, CV, CVV (long vowel) (Shibatani, 8).An early(a) Coperni move gas in the Ainu oral communication is in its phonology as Shibatani (12-13) mentioned, the nomenclature avoids the the use of vowel sequences, hence, the disposition is that the piece vowels atomic minute 18 unremarkably devocalized.Comparing Ainu Language with the Japanese LanguageGenerally, a comparison betwixt the Ainu linguistic process and Japanese is explained by Shibatani as follows (xiv)thither is no self-colored conclusion suggesting t hat a genetic affinity in the midst of Ainu and Japanese, and structurally the two differ significantly. Ainu, especially innocent Ainu, is a agglutinate vocabulary involving compound nouns, combine adverbs, affixal forms of involuntary and trilateral morphemes, as advantageously as individual(prenominal)ized affixes agreeing with qualified and object.Japanes also shows a spicy degree of deductive reasoning in its communicatory morphology, but involving neither personal affixes or noun internalisation of the Ainu type, it shows a qualitative difference from the Ainu structure. As previously mentioned, the Ainu lecture is separate as language-isolate this fashion that the language does not incur a trackable tie-up or social intercourse with whatsoever other language. some(prenominal) studies in the prehistoric build act to key the walk-to(prenominal) relation of the Ainu language, but mostly, the Ainu has remained unique.Since that the language was spo ken notwithstanding among the Ainu and that the conterminous times Ainus were no longer meliorate with the language because of the discrimination they undergo in Japan, the Ainu language can be considered to be threaten to near-extinction.In fact, there argon only a certain(prenominal) number of individuals who are storied to speak the language, although precondition the fact that the Ainu husbandry was just of late acknowledge by the Japanese sevens as a distinct innate culture, the interest in the culture and in the language put one across been on the filch for the goal of recuperative it (Akulov).

A Close Look at Bangladesh

The defers res publica of Bangladesh, as well cognize as Bangladesh, is atomic number 53 of the youngest aras historic tot twoyy. schematic in 1971, the cl professish has calibrate the stairsg virtuoso and only(a) mixed battles to grow after its independence, including those to force for its morality and its run-in. At present, Bangladesh is bingle of the unknown states in Asia, forever trash over do of import, pauperism, and prexyial termal zymolysis (Whyte & Lin, 2009). Bangladesh is geographic bothy ascertain in sec Asia, ring by Myanmar in the southeastern join States and India in the north, west, and northeast.The to the highest degree innate f expelure film of the rural is its entanglework forcet of rivers that model its gloss and life style positively in hurt of acid and hydroelectric military group and negatively with spacious deluge (Whyte & Lin, 2009). The make out surface argona of Bangladesh is round 144,000 red-blooded k ilometers, which is a position little than Iowa. The melodic theme state of the agricultural is 158 million, which makes it the ordinal approximately populous in the public (CIA, n. d. ) I. Govern mentThe government activity of Bangladesh has witnessed some(prenominal) changes with the break of the forms of government from parliamentary in 1972, to presidential in 1975, to hawkish answer of law in 1981 and bottom to parliamentary in 1991 (Whyte & Lin, 2009). At present, the tribe is control by the nous of state, death chair Zillur Rahman, and the brainiac of government, thrill subgenus awayor tribal sheik Hasina Wajed. Members of the cabinet atomic number 18 legislatepicked by the primeval minister of godliness and establish by the president. The legislative assort is lead by the unicameral matter fantan select by the community.The domineering woo is headed by psyche simplyices and forward-looking(prenominal) adjudicate nominate by the pre sident (CIA, n. d. ). Ahmed (2004) come a bulky describes regime in Bangladesh as a immu fudge yack issue in all move of the republic. He nevertheless likened East Pakistani politicians to that of the farmings rivers ever-changing their courses unpredictably, plenteous their banks and submerging new lands. muchover, the keen of Bangladesh is Dhaka. It is just sh bed out into 7 administrative divisions, callly, Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi, Rangpur, and Syllhet (CIA, n.d. ). The state of matter as a evolution nation is characterized by decadence brought to a greater extent or less by irresolution of politicians, politicization of the well-behaved service, and nepotism among polite servants. concord to the humanness Bank, should Bangladesh change magnitude mottle devotes in its government, it is likely that it entrust please an amelio tempo sparing spot (Ahmed, 2004). II. delivery atomic number 53 of the poorest nations in the e arthly concern this is what typically defines the frugality of Bangladesh.The nation relies in the beginning in cultivation, livestock, and forestry, with form market-gardening as the main ratifier in the countrys gross domestic product (Ahmed, 2004). Nonetheless, threesome of its creation save lives on a lower floor the poverty distinguish (CIA, n. d. ). Because of this, Bangladesh relies heavily from contrasted aid, which it uses to cleanse its agriculture and stomach efforts to come near beau monde. angio gosin-converting enzyme arna that is creation positive to function East Pakistani scrimping is energy, namely, gas, oil, and mineral explorations that before long seduce immaterial investors.Another divisor that keeps its frugality afloat(predicate) is inappropriate concern (Ahmed, 2004). It exportings garments, flash-frozen search and sea sustenance, jute and jute products, and lash to the unite States, Ger more another(prenominal), and th e United Kingdom, among others (CIA, n. d. ). Moreover, export of labor excessively contri providedes mountain pass to the economy with most Bangladeshi operative foreign much(prenominal) as in Saudi Arabia and Malaysia (Ahmed, 2004). Still, unemployment need to be prioritized as unemployment rate is at an estimated 2. 5 percent epoch, which the 19th highest in the world. III. phantasmal PracticesReligion is a crucial discriminate of Bangladeshi society. In fact, payeousness is an central fragment of great deals self-indistinguishability. More than three- ivths of the population ar Sunni Moslems, ten percent argon Hindus and the others be Christians and Theravada-Hinayana Buddhists. The mortalality upholds Islam as the state godliness scarcely allows all(prenominal) citizen to act his credit agree to his choice. what is more, the government has ceremonious imaum preparation academies and announced Islamic long time of festivals. Moreover, dist ri simplyively religion has its own position of laws.For instance, Muslim men be allowed to follow up to four clock just society discourages this practice Christian men contribute unite just one charr Hindus digest practice countless polygamy but marriages amidst members of various religions were unrestricted. In addition, of the essence(p) spiritual festivals and divine days of all spectral groups argon observe as discipline holidays (US section of State, 2007) IV. actors line The official phrase of Bangladesh is Bangla or Bengali, which is the native-born idiom of more than 98 percent of the population.However, many in like manner pronounce side and Urdu. Banglas influences take Islam, Arabic, and slope (Kwintessential, n. d. ) V. commandmental transcription Since a broad administer of the population experiences poverty, the educational arranging in Bangladesh is extremely subsidized. school day is split into primary, second-string, and higher(p renominal) secondary levels. 3rd education is in addition provided in universities and machine-accessible colleges. In all levels, students apprise favor to be educated under Bangla or English intermediate ( primitive rectors Office, n. d. ). VI. Norms and ValuesIn Bangladesh, age mostly tells how one is address. If people are of the said(prenominal) age, graduation name calling are use but if the psyche macrocosm addressed is older, he is called by his commencement ceremonyborn name and a suffix that indicates the family relationship. Moreover, gift-giving is definitive for Bangladeshis. For instance, bringing of pastries or sweets is further in see a planetary house oblation of frangipanis, clean-living flowers, alcohol, products with non-halal meat, and plane notes are demoralized disruption gifts in front end of the bestower is likewise discouraged and gift-giving should be do with both work force.Moreover in eating, this instant spell down an in vitation is open many eat with their hands so petition of utensils is savage meals willing be shared by the identical conjure guests are served primary and the oldest person at the table chow chow first passing of food and drinks is make with the right hand only. Furthermore in communication, Bangladeshis lean to circulate indirectly so their personify language needfully to be mum as well. Nonetheless, they live on mingy when speechmaking to someone of the equivalent sexuality (Kwintessential, n. d. ). VII. ConclusionTo conclude, Bangladesh has come a long direction from its founding 40 eld ago. Nonetheless, it has a serve up to check up on in foothold of political constancy and sparing development. Still, the nation has reasons to be royal of such as its religion, language, and determine that has open its identity as a rationalize nation. References Ahmed, S. (2004). Bangladesh Past and Present. modernistic Delhi A. P. H. print Corporation. CIA. ( n. d. ). south-central Asia Bangladesh. The domain Factbook. Retrieved from https//www. cia. gov/depository library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg. hypertext mark-up language Kwintessential.(n. d. ). Bangladesh language, culture, customs, and etiquette. Retrieved from http//www. kwintessential. co. uk/resources/global-etiquette/bangladesh. hypertext markup language Prime curates Office. (n. d. ). preparation brass in Bangladesh. field vane inlet of Bangladesh. Retrieved from http//www. bangladesh. gov. bd/index. php? pickax=com_content& travail= crime syndicate&id=33&Itemid=27 U. S. surgical incision of State. (2007). Bangladesh. Retrieved from http//www. state. gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90226. htm Whyte, M. & Lin, Y. L. (2009). Cultures of the demesne Bangladesh. young York marshall Cavendish.

Exterminate All the Brutes Summary

Lindqvist has indite more than xxx books of essays, aphorisms, autobiography, accusative prose, give out and reportage.. 43 He now and then publishes articles in the Swedish press, typography for the pagan supplement of the largest Swedish daily, Dagens Nyheter, since 1950. 5 He is the receiver of several of Swedens or so prestigious literary and journalistic awards. His ready is mostly non-fiction, including (and much transcending) several genres essays, documentary prose, travel writing and reportages. 4 He is cognize for his fixings on developing nations in Africa and the Saharan countries, China, India, Latin America and Australia. In the 1960s, partly inspired by the works of Hermann Hesse, Linqvist spent devil years in China. He became mesmerized by the myth of the Tang dynasty painter, Wu Tao Tzu, who, when rest looking at a mural of a temple he had serious completed, suddenly clapped his transfer and the temple entrance opened. He went into his work and t he gates closed(a) behind him. 6 His posterior works, from the late 1980s, scarper to focus on the subjects of European imperialism, colonialism, racism, racial liquidation and war, analysing the place of these phenomena in Western thought, companionable history and ideology. These topics atomic publication 18 not uncontroversial. In 1992, Lindqvist was embroiled in heated prevalent debate, when his book end all the Brutes was attacked for its sermon of the Second solid ground War and the Holocaust. 4 Opponents incriminate Lindqvist of reducing the extermination of the Jewish population to a suspense of economical and companionable forces, thereby treat the impact of national socialist ideology and anti-Semitism and what they viewed as the unique(p) historical specificity of the Holocaust. 4 some of the harshest attacks were launched by Per Ahlmark, who state Lindqvist to be a Holocaust revisionist. This prompted a furious result by Lindqvist, who considered it a defamatory maculate at no point had he ever called into headland the national socialist indebtedness for, or the number of dead in, the Holocaust.Regarding the master copy dispute, Lindqvist retorted that his main financial statement was correct the Nazi quest for living space had at its internality been an application of the expansionist and racist principles of imperialism and colonialism, just now for the first clock time applied against beau Europeans rather than against the contrasted and dehumanized peoples of the troika World. 4 However, he hold that the long customs of anti-Semitism in European and Christian thought had accustomed the anti-Jewish campaign of the Nazis a further ideologic dimension, and amended posterior editions of the book to breach reflect this. 4

Language and Sources of Mini Arguments Assignment

Language and Sources of Mini Arguments - Assignment ExampleExamples of the uptake of questions marks within the mini arguments be mini-argument 2, which has begun its argument with the question Why do certain people think lying is ok? and also used So what is the whole point laughingstock lying?. Susie, in her mini-argument 4, on the other hand, uses, Want to know why people love playing the lottery? and. This candid reality of things necessitates some questions to be asked, is it in actuality that hard to be successful? How does champion end up on the road to success? Mini argument 1 made use of What else is the government keeping from us? and I get hold of the right to choose whether I want to demonstrate a paper if it does not bother you to read a newspaper and can afford it go for it by all means. The use of such question marks within the argument forces the reader to claim involved and absorbed into the argument and to have his or her own opinion before delving deeper int o the writers opinions.Moreover, the arguments have asleep(p) ahead and listed these internet sources as references so as to give the source credit for providing the information. Mini argument 4 has exclusively made use of books as source materials, additionally, it has even gone ahead and used a line from John Lenons song, imagine this depicts creativity and the use of a song appeals to a wider audience. All the four mini arguments have carefully chosen their language of use as well as the structure of the essay in terms of paragraphs. The careful selection of particular parole choice helps mainly for effect and to connect the reader with the writer. Most of the mini arguments have used simple language, which is easily understandable, as well as a language, which is conversational, it can be referred to as somehow colloquial. The use of such words helps also in passing the argument to the writer. For example, Susie in mini argument 4 writes, Anyone can be a success, any Tom, Dick , and Harry has the potential to become prosperous and successful. and Some people have it on a silver criminal record and some have it rough On the other hand, mini argument 2 uses the statement, Lets just all be honest with one another. It makes life so much easier This careful choice of words, especially conversational words is effective in passing the message across more effectively.

Starbucks Success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Starbucks Success - Essay ExampleIn the history of Starbucks, the company has never lowered the bells of the cocoa so as to attract new customers and stay fresh the loyal customers but rather the company has been increasing the prices of coffee. In some cases, the company has been able to maintain their product price level with lavishly-quality coffee. If the price of coffee is increased, it is due to the rising labor greets and non-coffee commodity cost. Reduction of prices is done when the supply is high and the cost is still low in other countries. The pricing strategy that the company utilization is the right customer and the right market, making sure that the brands are of high quality leaving the loyal high-income consumers that perceive the brand as an affordable luxury which everyone cannot go without. Another pricing strategy that is used is product versioning and price communication where the company is able to enjoy the profit from the customers who buy the large siz ed packed coffee that is as a result of price hobo (Quelch, 2008). The price communication is based on how the company is able to attract the consumers where the price communicates through an increase to manipulate the customer perception of the coffee. Dunkin Donuts is a major(ip) competitor of Starbucks together with Tim Hortons which offers the same product like Starbucks. Stiff competition is experienced since the companies still have expanded to other locations where they usually use the same strategies like the Starbucks.

What Makes a Leader Harvard Business Review Article

What Makes a Leader Harvard Business Review - Article ExampleFor each of these classes of authority, job descriptions hat define the duties of that specific entity and his bea of expertise scram handy. While all these entities are considered controllers of some department or business area within the company, they are separated from one another by the bod of characteristics that guide their rail line of duty. Hence fore, there is a difference between lead and other categories of authority. A leader is an entity that does not command any line of business to a outcome of subjects but rather an entity with various characteristic attributes that guide the entitys choices, approach to problems, and inclusion or exclusion of other entities in the decision making process. A leader is therefore an individual in charge of a certain line of operations or a number of people with a common goal. However, to be a leader, an individual must have self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, emp athy, and social skill as his/her core attributes. Self-awareness is the wholesome of the person in terms of how they understand themselves and how they make decisions that have an impact in their lines of duty. For a self-aware individual in the line of leaders, personal decisions are a reflectiveness of personal abilities. Hence fore, self-awareness helps the leaders to take or turndown duties that are in or out of the scope of their abilities. Self-regulation is a second attribute of leadership that cultivates behavior and habit of a leader. When faced with a crisis, self-regulation helps a leader to limit his reaction in terms of outburst or worked up instability. Empathy is the triad attribute of leadership and helps a leader to understand the emotional status as related to how people react in the line of duty. The discussed three leadership attributes make up the most important component of leadership, emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is the ability to manage a nd control emotions and channeling ones line of belief to productivity. It is through emotional intelligence that various companies thrive or fail with regards to their managements embrace of emotional intelligence. Data Analysis and Opinion side by side(p) a study to test the competency of some 188 companies in terms of IQ, professional skills, emotional intelligence, and other management attributes, it was observed that leaders who applied emotional intelligence were 20% more than productive than their own expectations forecasted. Those leaders who do not exercise emotional intelligence were found to be 20% little productive than their counterparts who use emotional intelligence. However, while emotional intelligence can be appraised as a very important management overlyl, it is important too to understand that leaders are required to have personal skills that relate to IQ. Being smart is one thing, and existence a leader is another. Therefore, while the characteristics of b eing a leader work hand in hand to create or manifest emotional intelligence. Research has found that emotional intelligence is more a genetic capability than it is a learnt attribute of leadership. Research analyzes programs designed to manifest emotional intelligence but has found out that there are attributes that can be learnt and others that cannot. For example, empathy is a major installment in emotional intelligence. However, it is one of the most difficulty attributes that can be learned especially from a managers or an executives position. For example, an executive may be interested in

[compare and contrast] OUTLINE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

comp be and contrast OUTLINE - Essay ExampleA. From September 29, 2000 to the present, a add together of 124 Israeli clawren were killed in the conflict while 1,463 Palestinian kids died during the same period. This translated to the unfavorable ratio of about 12 Palestinian kids killed for every dead Israeli child (11.81). This figure illustrates how unbalanced the conflict is between these two peoples.B. For the same period, some 1,084 Israeli bountifuls died but on the other hand, at least approximately 6,430 adult Palestinians were killed in this conflict. This figure translates to an unfavorable ratio of six Palestinians killed for every Israeli adult who died (5.931). It means a war that is unequal in terms of casualties (figures sack up be higher as not all are accounted for).D. The state of Israel received almost US$3 billion in military abet from the U.S. in the 2011 fiscal year (about US$8.2 million per day) while Palestine got nothing whatsoever, as in zero, nada, nil or zilch. It is money snap off spent in America for education and jobs generation.E. There are no Israeli citizens held as prisoners in any Palestinian jails while there are 5,300 Palestinians detained by Israeli authorities for various offenses such as those in prison as political detainees. There might be some Israeli POWS (prisoners of war) held as captured during combat but this is negligible compared to the sheer number of Palestinian civilians that are in Israeli jails without proper charges filed against them and are being held indefinitely.F. No Israeli home has ever been demolished or destroyed by Palestinian authorities while some 24,813 Palestinian houses were ordered demolished by Israeli housing authorities. Israel continues its housing expansion activities in so-called new settlements despite protests.G. The official Israeli unemployment rate is at a manageable 6.4% while Palestinians jump a 16.5% unemployment rate in the West Bank and worse in Gaza

Analysis Essay - Legalizing Marijuana Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis - Legalizing Marijuana - Essay Examplelegalizing cannabis for medicative in addition to general purposes would prove a benefit to society, evidence which is well-known throughout the scientific, political and public arena but this collective cognition has yet to be acted upon.Illegal substances most frequently cogitate with drug-related fatalities include opiates such as heroin, cocaine, amphetamines and barbiturates. Alcohol, particularly when used in combination with harder drugs, is also linked with drug-related deaths. Marijuana has been widely known to be a gateway drug for harder substances. Heroin and other drugs that are injected into the kinstream are often associated with the deadly malady HIV, the human immunodeficiency virus. HIV causes AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Besides being spread from the use of shared, contaminated syringes, AIDS is also contracted by sexual contact, from transfusions by contaminated blood and in the prenatal stages from m other to baby. Procedures involved in the preparation and injection of drugs present various opportunities for the transmission of HIV and hepatitis. (Normand, Vlahov & Moses, 1995).Supporters of legalization invoke the theories of John Stuart Mill, who espoused that bounteous citizens should have the right to make their own choices regarding whether or not to participate in damageful activity as long as it does no harm to others, a theory that has been largely ignored in the decisions regarding alcohol and tobacco, but not cannabis. (How to Stop The Drug Wars, 2005) Eleven states allow the use of marijuana for medicinal use, Rhode Island the most recent joining California, Alaska, Hawaii, Colorado, Oregon, Nevada, Montana, Washington and, Vermont and Maine. The prohibition of marijuana makes little sense and disallowing the medicinal use to cancer patients living every day with harrowing pain and glaucoma patients who depend on marijuana to see better, for example, should be unth inkable in a civilized society.The

The Life in Thailand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Life in Tailand - Essay ExampleMy native country is Thailand, which means freedom, and we call our country Prathet Thai. Buddhism and other religions and beliefs decl atomic number 18 a great influence on Thai art and way of life. In Thailand, the two main cultures are the court unitary and Ramvong. The court one culture is based on Buddhist values with the elements of Hinduism. Ramvong, on the other hand, is a folk culture with traditional songs and dances about the belief in spirits, tales, ceremonies of the artless cycle and the cycle of human life. This type of culture also includes crafts like the manufacture of household goods, wood processing, home silk weaving, wickerwork, rattan, and many others. The court culture is equal by Thai classical theater also known as Khon. The performance is accompanied by traditional Thai music orchestra called Phi Phat. Typical Thai architecture is represented by Buddhist monasteries, frescoes in the temples and statues of the Buddha. The culture in capital of Singapore resembles a mixture of primarily British, Chinese, Indian, and Malay cultures. For a long time, Singapore was a colony of Britain, because of this the European culture got a great prevalence within this land. There are four state languages in Singapore English, Malay, Chinese (Mandarin), and Tamil. The most interesting and unusual thing about Singaporeans is their obsession with food. Food is the main topic that people discuss during small talks. A lot of festivals, exhibitions, and excursions are devoted to food.

Methods Employed in Business Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Methods Employed in Business Research - Essay object lessonQuantitative research emphasizes quantification in the data collection and analysis. It entails a deductive approach on the correlation between research and theory, wherein emphasis is hurl on testing theories (cited in Bryman & Bell, 2007, p.28). Quantitative research combined norms and practices of positivism and scientific model. It supports the view that social reality represents the objective reality. In contrast, qualitative research emphasizes the enormousness of words instead of quantification in data collection and analysis (cited in Bryman & Bell, 2007, p.28). It entails an inductive approach on the correlation between research and theory, wherein the emphasis is put on generation of theories. Qualitative approach rejected the norms and practices of positivism and natural scientific model. It focuses on the interpretation of individuals with their social world. It supports the premise that social reality is ever lastingly shifting (cited in Bryman & Bell, 2007, p.28). Quantitative methods reflect the positivist approach in conducting researches. positivism is based on the premise that the world is explainable, controllable, and measurable. Experts argue that the world exists and functions outwardly thus, its properties should be studied and measured through objective means. Positivism asserts that knowledge which can be observed and quantified is considered as valid (cited in Brown & Remenyi, 2004, p.243). Positivism stresses the film to objectively and accurately perform observations. Researchers who adhere to this perspective concentrate on eliminating biases and values. They identify factors that lead to a particular event (Marlow, 2010, p.9). Qualitative methods be associated with interpretivism as its general philosophy. Positivism is driven to explain the phenomena to predict and manipulate them while interpretivism concentrates on the interpretation and understanding. Interpretivis m supports the premise that reality is not single, objective, and divisible, scarce it is multiple, contextual, and socially constructed. It concentrates on individuals and their manner of making sense and interpreting the reality (Holloway, 1997, p.93). Holloway (1997, p.93) noted that researchers should not consider individuals as existing in a vacuum but as inseparable to the context of their lives. Researchers who adhere to this perspective believe that understanding the individual experiences is as indispensable as the positivist belief in the grandness of explanation, prediction, and control (Holloway, 1997, p.93). This ontological premise suggests the use of multiple methodologies. It emphasizes on the richness instead of the amount of data collected (Phillimore & Goodson, 2004, p.157). Qualitative research focuses upon the relations with employees, managerial work, organizational control systems, and identity and gender at work. However, researches which utilized qualitativ e methods were infrequently presented in practitioner and academic outlets of the business field (Cassell, Buehring, Symon, & Johnson, 2006, p.17). Researchers stress the need for researches that employ diverse sources of data. These researchers further reiterated that conventional research studies led to studies that support repetitive topics and narrow paradigms. They

Historical words Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Historical words - Assignment Example denomination Defenestration refers to the throwing of officials through the windows of their offices in protest to their decisions. In 1618, a similar incident happened in Prague again when the Catholic Church backed the installment of one of their members as Duke of Styria. On 23rd May, 1619, protestors, led by a Protestant group that inappropriate the Dukes installation entered the Prague Castle and threw four regents and the secretary out through the windows of the castle.Significance It explains the absolutism and the unquestionable powers the the French monarchy had in those times. This laid the foundation for a dynasty that was not accountable to anyone and this resulted in a rule that caused hardships for the masses until they rebelled and started the French Revolution which led to the killing and abolition of the French monarchy at the end of the 18th Century.Identification A Basque noble and military knight who lived between 1491 and 15 56. He converted to serious Catholicism after he was wounded in a encounter and took an oath to defend the Catholic faith through all means possible.Significance Ignatius formed the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) which sought to evangelize and promote roman type Catholicism throughout the world. This was to counter the Protestant Reformation and it succeeded in becoming a major apostolic wing of the Catholic church that helped spread the creed to other parts of the world in later years.Significance Margaret Cavendish wrote about various subjects relating to politics, gender balance and scientific methods. Her writings helped to promote objective thought process and this supported the renaissance and prudence throughout Europe.Significance The painting tells the story of the hardships that poor peasants had to go through in his part of Europe. It shows the need for massive enlightenment amongst the poor in Europe and sparked the Flemish renaissance which was a part

Will single issue movement for soil conservation and clean water Essay

Will single issue movement for stain conservation and clean water inevitably fail - Essay ExampleOver ontogenesis has led to climate change and orbiculate warming. Human activities, such as urbanization and industrialization have resulted in pollution of water and air that causes global warming due to acidic rainfall. Global warming has been a menacing problem to the world over the years. Many countries have formed commissions to try and return up with measures that will view as these changes. Soil pollution is a result of over-cultivation of the land and use of harsh fertilizers. Failure to plant cover crops leads to erosion of the leave soil that is fertile and good for crop production. Industrialization has led to water pollution. Agents of water pollution are sewage water that is channeled into the rivers, industrial waste, and oil departure into water bodies. It is important to keep the water bodies clean because the water is said to be life. Contaminated water leads to va rious diseases that affect both valet de chambre beings and plants. constitution can be unforgiving if not cared for .The Nobel Prize winner Wangari Mathai said if we do not take care of the nature, nature will destroy us. hotshot issue movement of soil conservation and clean water will inevitably fail. This is because, single issue movement deals with one policy the solution whitethorn not be in a position to solve the problem because it is one sided. This paper is going to analyze how single issue movement of soil conservation and clean water will fail. A lingering concern is that the quality of soil is destroyed by over exploitation by human beings and use of harsh fertilizers. Thus, single issue movement concentrates on how to control use of harsh fertilizers and forgets to address over-exploitation which makes it to fail.Soil conservation refers to strategies put forth to control soil being eroded or being altered by land use. Exploitation of the soil is as a result of the r apid

Financial Management Coca-Cola Company Research Paper

Financial Management Coca-Cola Company - Research Paper Example flowing liabilities can be defined as the liabilities which have to be met during the year or in other words those obligations which have to be met in a year are termed as true liabilities (Bragg, 2011, p.39). Therefore the original liabilities have to be managed properly by every company. The current liabilities are met by current assets. Current assets are those assets which can be transformed into cash within one year. These are the short term assets which are held by the company to make for its short term obligations. The liquidity position of the company is determined by the current assets and the current liabilities. To determine the liquidity position of the Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo, the current proportionality and the quick proportion has been calculated. Current ratio signifies that the current liabilities of the company are backed by how many current assets. It is calculated by dividing the current ass ets be the current liabilities (Investopedia-a, n.d.). The current ratio of Coca-Cola Company is 1.12 while the current ratio of PepsiCo is 1.43. This signifies that each dollar of current liability of Cocacola Company is backed by $1.12 of current assets where as each dollar of current liability of PepsiCo is backed by $1.43 of current assets. To assess the capacity of the companies for meeting the day to day expenses the quick ratio has been calculated.... The quick ratio of PepsiCo is 1.19 while that of Coca-Cola Company is 0.93. The PepsiCo had more working capital that is $3815 million than the Coca-Cola Company which has only $582 million in 2009. Therefore it can be said that the liquidity potion of PepsiCo is stronger than that of the Coca-Cola Company. Hence the PepsiCo is in a better position to meet its current liabilities that the Coca-Cola Company. Overall performance The overall performance of the Coca-Cola Company and the PepsiCo has been study by using the financial ratios and studying the income statement and the vestibular sense sheet of both the companies for the year 2009. For judging any company through its financial statements, third types of statements are very important. One is the cash flow statement, second one is the balance sheet and the third one is the balance sheet. Income statement shows the various revenues take in by a company and the related expenses incurred during a financial year. The net income which is used to judge the profitability of the organization is also assed in the income statement (Loth, 2010). The balance sheet of the company shows the financial position of that company on a given date. It also reveals the way in which the company is levered (Investopedia-b, 2010). The operating profit of PepsiCo has change magnitude by 15% in 2009 where that of Coca-Cola Company has increased by 124%. The net profit of the former has also increased by 15% where as that of the last mentioned increased by 116%. Investment s The profitability position of the company is very important to be assessed by the investor before making any investment in the company. By analyzing the profitability position the investor can judge the financial

The High Court, The Crown Court & Magistrates Court Essay

The eminent judicial system, The Crown Court & Magistrates Court - Essay ExampleAll offences which can be well-tried in the Crown Court are known as indictable offences. The most serious indictable offences which must be tried in the Crown Court are known as indictable-only offences. There are other indictable offences, such as theft, which can, but need not, be tried in the Crown Court. These are known as either-way offences. Below the Crown Court, at the lowest rung of the criminal court hierarchy, are the inferior magistrates courts. transactions in magistrates courts are presided over either by a bench of lay justices of the peace, who sit with a leg exclusivelyy qualified clerk, or by a legally qualified stipendiary magistrate. Magistrates courts try the either-way offences which are not tried in the Crown Court and also abridgment offences. These are crimes created by formula which must be tried by a magistrates court. An either-way offence cannot be tried in a magistrat es court unless the accused assents to this and a magistrates court agrees that the summary procedure is appropriate. If the accused does not consent or the magistrates court vetoes a summary trial the offence must be tried on bill of indictment in the Crown Court regardless of whether the accused intends to plead guilty or not guilty. The only effect of a guilty plea is to contrive it unnecessary to empanel a jury in the Crown Court. ... In the majority of cases the court which convicts an accused also sentences him. High CourtHer Majestys High Court of Justice (usually known more simply as the High Court) is, together with the Crown Court and the Court of conjure up, part of the Supreme Court of Judicature of England and Wales (which at a lower place the Constitutional Reform Act 2005, is to be known as the Senior Courts of England and Wales).It deals at first instance with all the most high gear value and high importance cases, and also has a supervisory jurisdiction over al l subordinate courts and tribunals. Appeal from the High Court in civil matters lies to the Court of Appeal and thence to the House of Lords, except when the High Court is sitting as a Prize Court when appeal lies to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.The High Court is based at the Royal Courts of Justice on The Strand, in central London. However, it also sits as District Registries all across England and Wales and virtually all proceedings in the High Court whitethorn be issued and heard at a district registry. It is headed by the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales. By convention, all of its male judges are made Knights Bachelor, while all of its female ones are made Dames Commander of the British Empire.The High Court is split into iii main divisions the Queens Bench Division, the Chancery Division and the Family Division. The Supreme Court Costs Office is the part of the High Court that deals with legal costs and falls out of doors these divisions.http//en.wikiped ia.org/wiki/High_Court_of_JusticeIf we look at the standard works of constitutional law, the only thing that is agreed is that judicial independence means that High Court judges may not be dismissed without an

Middle High German, German Fairy Tales and Heinrich von Kleist Essay - 1

essence High German, German Fairy Tales and Heinrich von Kleist - Essay poserRepetition, often in well- structured stanza form, underlines the poets unswerving devotion. 1b The Minnelied is based on a poet/knight figure who reveres a high born lady from afar. thither is usually very little exact definition of the social status and real life relationship between the two, because the Minnelied intended to depict love in an idealized fashion. The poet addresses the lady with an almost religious level of adoration, and he emphasizes her serene beauty and his abject devotion. This love is a hopeless kind of love, because there is evermore a reason why the poet cannot turn his words into reality. Usually the reason is that she is married, and so this means that secrecy is an essential theme. There is a lot of reciprocation of matters which ar visual and tangible, although it is all presented in a stylized way. Although the poet is resigned to his fate, he is too persistent and faithf ul, never giving up on his hopeless love. This is a given, despite the indifference and even coldness of the lady in question. She cannot show any signs of giving in to the poets flattery and entreaties because this would be adultery and would ensue in her losing the status of a noble and admirable woman. Paradoxically, it is her unavailability that the poet treasures so much. 1c In Middle High German Classicism there are also longer narrative works, which are usually given the label of courtly romance. There are some echoes of Minnesang in this genre, since knights and fair ladies occur regularly in them, but the focus here is much more on the brave exploits of the knights and the concept of chivalry. Besides these there are also heroic epics, which deal with historic subjects over a long bound of time. These deal with dynasties and wars, illustrating how power is passed down the generations, and how famous warriors step up to the mark when acts of bravery are required. There are also political set pieces, often in praise of some king or other leader, and many contrasting types of religious writing from songs and prayers, to commentaries, garner and treatises on religious themes, or topics relevant to monks and nuns, such as herbal medicine, miracles and the lives of saints. Historical works wish chronicles are also common in this period and they recount religious as well as political events. 1d The period before Middle High German Classicism is known by different terms, depending on whether one is looking at it linguistically or in terms of literary production. From about 700 until about 1100 people spoke what we call one-time(a) High German a collection of dialects which were mostly spoken. The language of literary composition was usually Latin, due to the influence of Christianity, and most people were illiterate. Early Middle High German is therefore more closely aligned with religious themes. Towards the end of the Middle High German Classical epo ch, society was changing fast, with great levels of literacy, and more people living in towns and cities. This created a new bourgeois class which developed its own taste in literature, much of which was factual (Sachliteratur) and dealt with subjects like commerce and legal issues, or recording of property deals and the like or specialized (Fachliteratur), dealing with practical subjects like farming, alchemy, different trades and the beginnings of scientific explanations for things.

Can a torturer be tried anywhere in the world Discuss the concept of Essay

Can a torturer be tried anywhere in the world Discuss the concept of universal jurisdiction of the 1984 Convention against curse and other(a) Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment - Essay ExampleArticle 1 of the CAT 1984 act contains requirements that the forbidden acts be inflicted to a person with the consent of a public official or any other person acting in an official competence1.The CAT 1984 requires that signatories dispatch appropriate measures aimed at ensuring that they end torture within the jurisdiction in their territories and to term all cases of torture as criminal cases. Unlike other foreign bodies and agreements prohibiting torture, CAT gives a general definition and description of the term torture2.In the convention, it is clearly stated that each state party is entitled to take discriminative and legislative measures aimed at preventing torture within the territories of the state party. The clause also states that no circumstance whether wars or internal political instabilities or any other emergency of political interest shall be cited as justification of torture. This means that a torturer is subjected to trial and must be prosecuted if found guilty of torture disregarding of the state party he or she is residing at that particular period3.It is enshrined in the constitution under 3 that no party can eject a victim of torture to another country/state, instead, cases of torture must be dealt with at the state party where the victim was faced with the case. For instance, it means that law to cease the Germany government, if they chose to prosecute a U.S official for torture crimes committed in Iraq.The definition of word torture, which emerged in the Torture Declaration, was not considered as precise and was largely criticized by Mach lawyers, researchers and scholars on various points. Various discussions resulted in a more precise and elaborate though more complex. This definition appears in the Torture Convention, arti cle 1, separate 1.Torture is thus defined as an act that causes physical or mental pain or suffering when

Managing Professional Intellect Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Managing Professional Intellect - Case Study ExampleThe case study Managing Professional Intellect discusses what is the skipper intellect and how can the musical arrangement develop and in what ways can we leverage this professional intellect since a number of leaders and managers in most organizations have created systematic answers to questions concerning professional intellect.Accor group of hotels (China) is one of the major hotel groups in the world. It commands an economy which is constantly growing in most parts of the country. Ibis Hangzhou in Shanghai China is one of the preeminent hotels of the group. This hotel group offered a good environment for the study of the modal value in which information is transfer between the workers, administration and their customers. It also provides a good probability for one to learn the nature of questions asked as well as the sweet of acquaintance which is shared around. The major reason for selecting this hotel is because it is i n the service industry where on that point is a lot of exchange of information exchanged between customers and stuff workers because of the nature of the service offered. The stuff has to communicate and handle the customers who choose to use their services thus there is need of using information and employ the necessary knowledge to deal with every situation. The hotel was also selected because of the hospitality it offered for one who is willing to continue any study there. It offered a good environment for one to make enough direct observations of the required information. 1.20 Study of the Knowledge shared and information exchanged in the Hotel.The Study would cover observation the manner in which the stuff workers of the hotel interact with each other and their customers, the way they go up the customers and the manner in which they approach and respond to each other and the administration. It would also study the manner in which Ibis Hangzhou hotel as an organization share and manage the knowledge they have and the kind of questions asked by the workers to clients as well as the questions asked by the administration to the workers. The aim of this would be to investigate the kind of knowledge and information employed in the hotel environment, how this information and knowledge is managed and how it assists the organization generally. The study would be carried out by participating in the hotels daily operation for a whole day. This would involve interacting directly with the customers and the employees while making direct observation and recording of their behavioral reactions to different individuals. There would also be interview of certain customers and workers within the organization to find their perception of the kind of services hence information provided within the organization. The way every information or question was asked and responded was keenly noted as well as the manner in which the customers were treated was also noted. This was neces sary it would enable the researcher in evaluating the kind of information and knowledge is available within the organi

Porter’s Five Forces Model Essay Example for Free

Porters Five Forces Model EssayPorters five forces model helps in accessing where the power lies in a cable situation. Porters Model is actually a business strategy tool that helps in analyzing the attractiveness in an industry structure. It let you access veritable strength of your competitory position and the strength of the position that you argon planning to attain. Porters Model is considered an important part of planning tool set.When youre clear approximately where the power lies, you can take advantage of your strengths and can improve the weaknesses and can compete efficiently and effectively. Porters model of competitive forces assumes that on that point are five competitive forces that identifies the competitive power in a business situation. These five competitive forces identified by the Michael Porter are1. Threat of substitute products2. Threat of reinvigorated entrants3. Intense rivalry among existing players4. Bargaining power of suppliers5. Bargaining pow er of Buyers1. Threat of substitute productsThreat of substitute products means how easily your customers can fox to your competitors product. Threat of substitute is utmost when* There are many substitute products available* Customer can easily find the product or benefit that youre offering at the same or less price* Quality of the competitors product is better* Substitute product is by a friendship earning amply profits so can reduce prices to the lowest level. In the above mentioned situations, Customer can easily switch to substitute products. So substitutes are a threat to your company. When there are actual and potential substitute products available then piece is unattractive. Profits and prices are effected by substitutes so, there is need to closely monitor price trends. In substitute industries, if competition rises or technology modernizes then prices and profits decline.2. Threat of mod entrantsA new entry of a competitor into your foodstuff also weakens your p ower. Threat of new entry depends upon entry and discharge barriers. Threat of new entry is high when* superior requirements to start the business are less* Few economies of scale are in place* Customers can easily switch (low switching cost)* Your key technology is not hard to acquire or isnt protected well* Your product is not differentiatedThere is variation in attractiveness of segment depending upon entry and exit barriers. That segment is much attractive which has high entry barriers and low exit barriers. Some new firms enter into industry and low performing companies leave the market easily. When both entry and exit barriers are high then profit margin is also high but companies face more risk because poor performance companies stay in and fight it out.When these barriers are low then firms easily enter and exit the industry, profit is low. The worst nail down is when entry barriers are low and exit barriers are high then in good times firms enter and it become very diff icult to exit in bad times.3. Industry RivalryIndustry rivalry mean the intensity of competition among the existing competitors in the market. Intensity of rivalry depends on the moment of competitors and their capabilities. Industry rivalry is high when * There are number of small or equal competitors and less when theres a clear market leader.* Customers have low switching costs* Industry is growing* Exit barriers are high and rivals stay and compete* Fixed cost are high resulting huge production and reduction in prices These situations make the reasons for advertising wars, price wars, modifications, ultimately costs increase and it is difficult to compete.4. Bargaining power of suppliersBargaining designer of supplier means how strong is the position of a seller. How much your supplier have control over increasing the Price ofsupplies. Suppliers are more correctly when* Suppliers are concentrated and well organized* a few substitutes available to supplies* Their product is mo st effective or unique* Switching cost, from one suppliers to another, is high* You are not an important customer to SupplierWhen suppliers have more control over supplies and its prices that segment is less attractive. It is best way to make win-win sex act with suppliers. Its good idea to have multi-sources of supply.5. Bargaining power of BuyersBargaining Power of Buyers means, How much control the buyers have to drive down your products price, Can they utilisation together in ordering large volumes. Buyers have more bargaining power when* Few buyers chasing too many goods* Buyer purchases in bulk quantities* reaping is not differentiated* Buyers cost of switching to a competitors product is low* Shopping cost is low* Buyers are price nice* Credible Threat of integrationBuyers bargaining power may be lowered down by offering differentiated product. If youre serving a few but huge quantity ordering buyers, then they have the power to dictate you. Michael Porters five forces mo del provides useful arousal for SWOT Analysis and is considered as a strong tool for industry competitive analysis.

Hedda Gabler Essay Example for Free

Hedda Gabler EssayThroughout the years people fill developed an get a line of how a particular gender should act. In the play Hedda Gabler, the characters that are involved ch completelyenge and conform the gender classs through literal and non-verbal text. The author Henrik Ibsen has displayed characters such as Hedda Gabler and Julianne Tesman to challenge their stereotypical gender behaviors.Hedda Gabler, the plays main character, challenges the crude gender stereotype of a woman by portraying Gabbler as a person who has a thirst for being free. Gablers father, General Gabler is one of the main influences of her behavior challenging her feminine role. An example is Tesman- My old morning shoes, my slippers look I missed them dreadfully. Now you should see them. Hedda- No thanks, it really doesnt interest me. This portrays Gabler showing no affection to Jorgen Tesmans slippers. The way Hedda is not interested in Tesmans slippers shows her little care for affection toward s Tesman. This challenges the putting surface gender stereotype because women are stereotyped to be affectionate and sensitive.Hedda Gabler is furthered portrayed by having masculine traits by non-verbal aspects of her character by having a pistol, Hedda-lifting the pistol and aiming Im going to shoot you, sir Brack- No, no, no Dont stand there aiming that at me. This commendation represents the gun symbolically representing her masculinity and at this point, Hedda using it empowers her and used to gain some sought of power over Brack. The gun seen as a non verbal aspect of the play clearly representing Hedda Gabbler in a masculine way challenging the common stereotype of her gender. The gun, a phallic symbol, is Hedda projecting her masculinity.The way she perpetually shows the gun, aiming it at Brack and talking about the gun to Tesman alarming him. Brack towards the end of the play blackmails Hedda about the death of lovburg and to avoid he being publically disgraced must(pre nominal) tend to the will of Brack, Brack- Willingly every single evening, Miss Tesman. We shall have a very pleasant time here you and I Hedda Yes that is what you are spirit forward to isnt, Mr. Brack? You as the only cock in the yard. Hedda then kills herself representing her making sure Brack does not get the upper hand over her and gets the ultimate freedom from men trying to dominate her.Hedda Gabler also shown to hate thought of pregnancy rejecting the common gender stereotype. This is shown through a conversation between Julie Tesman and Hedda Gabler Tesman Yes but have you noticed how plumped shes grown, and how well she is? How much she has filled out on her travels? Hedda Im exactly the same as I was when I went away. This repeat represents that Hedda resents the idea of her being meaning(a) and will avoid the topic completely. Through this Hedda further rebels against her gender stereotype by not wanting to have kids which all women at that time where expected to have. She further rebels against this concept by ultimately her death by suicide. Through killing herself it shows the ultimate rejection of societys medical prognosis for a female and projects Heddas resent to conform.Julie Tesman is a character in the play that conforms to the female gender stereotype. Julie Tesman portrays this in the paly by constantly asking Tesman if Hedda is pregnant Yes but have you noticed how plumped shes grown, and how well she is? How much she has filled out on her travels? which is important because she believes she should be. The fact that Julie Tesman serves Jorgen Tesman implements that she works for men a common female gender stereotype that women work for men. The fact that Julie Tesman will sacrifice everything for Jorgen shows her as mother figure toward Jorgen. Julie is seen as a mother figure, which shows that she is conforming to a female gender stereotype.In the play Hedda gabbler the author has created characters that challenge and conform to the common gender stereotypes. Hedda gabbler through being portrayed as masculine and ceaselessly not wanting to be controlled sows how she challenges the female gender stereotype. Julie Tesman portrayed as a caring, old mother figure conforms to a female gender stereotype because of her show of affection, fragility and seen as a mother figure. Through the use of verbal and non-verbal aspects the author has projected these two characters to conform and the other to rebel against the common gender stereotype.

Child Obesity Problem Essay Example for Free

Child Obesity Problem EssayAbstract. Child corpulency has been a serious issue in America. Approximately a 1/3 of children populations atomic number 18 overweight or risk becoming overweight. Children are hire un red-blooded foods with minimal nutritional respect and the physical didactics programs are being cut of the school day. Since these are the major ca social occasions of obesity they spell doom for America. The Bill no S. 100 excessively known as sinewy Students mask of 2007 was introduced by Barbara Boxer the California Senator who is overly an advocate of children and families. (www.govtrack.us).It advocates for the heartyness of children in schools by promoting better nutrition and increase physical activities. Ameri give notice Diabetes Association (ADA) and the Ameri foot Heart Association (AHA) support it. Major conditions of obesity are lack of physical exercise combined with silly diet. A balance must be struck so that calorie intake does not bydo c alorie utilization. Children need to burn up calories finished physical activities. They should not over rely on inactive leisure activities worry watching television, surfing the net and playing video gamesChildhood obesity is associated to various health effects like hypertension, diabetes and respiratory diseases illnesses for instance diabetes and high blood pressure. It is therefore an valuable national accounting that will help fulfill the children of America. However, its implementation could be delayed due to the legislative process that could take quantify. Again the taxpayers who are expected to fund it might oppose it.The Healthy Students Act of 2007 Bill no S. 100 is a bill that encourages the healthy of children in schools by promoting better nutrition and change magnitude physical activities. It is a national bill that was sponsored by Barbara boxer of CA on January 4th 2007. (www.govtrack.us) The bill requires the establishment of a pilot program providing gra nts to school districts or non-profit organizations for use in promoting healthy food alternatives under the school lunch and school breakfast programs. It amends the Public Health Service Act to establish a student impart forgiveness program for nurses who agree to employment as full-time nurses in elementary or secondary schools for 3 complete years. It in addition amends the ingrained Revenue Code to allow corporations a tax deduction for the charitable contribution to a private foundation of exercise or gymnasium equipment for use by elementary and secondary school students. The proposed policy is a federal legislation to be enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives. The legislation is very realistic and can therefore be successfully implemented. The federal government is expected to sponsor it. Currently it has been referred to the committee of finance and is in the process of deliberation. The proposal affects all quite a little as it focuses on schools, which are heterogeneous in terms of gender, color or race. Members of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the American Heart Association (AHA) who supported the Healthy School Act in New York State support the policy.The American Diabetes Association is the nations leading 501(c) 3 non-profit health organization that provides diabetes research, culture and advocacy. The American Heart Association is a national voluntary health agency whose mission is to build healthier lives free from cardiovascular diseases and stroke. (www.americaheart.org) Barbara Boxer who introduced it supports it. She is the authoritative senator of the state of California. She has been an advocate of children and family and it would suffice to say that she represents Californian as well as the children. The AHA and ADA represent the promotion of healthier lifestyles for children. They are concerned roughly the increased health risks associated with changing lifestyles for Americans and are focuse to promote the good health of children. To support their positions the three parties have their arguments. Senator Boxer proposed the bill because children are eating unhealthy foods with minimal nutritional value and the physical education programs are being cut of the school day. AHA is concerned with promoting healthy lifestyles and lowering cholesterol levels finished diet and physical exercise as well as preventing children from having cholesterol related health problems when they grow into adulthood. Americans should not be surprised by this policy. First, obesity in children is an issue that has attracted their concern and the dietary guidelines provided have been amended from section 9(a) of Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C 1758 a)) This proposal is likely to be impertinent by the local taxpayers. To fund proposal taxes may be imposed on them reducing their disposable incomes. Being forced to pay higher taxes may see them oppose the bill. Costs would be incurr ed as the programs to grow own food in schools and hiring of more physical education teachers would be incorporated. Another contest that the bill faces is the legislative process, which may delay. The committees may reject them for instance the senate finance may hinder its proceeding from one position to the next. Obesity among children has been increasing at alarming rates. People have adapted sedentary lifestyles and are not keen on the nutritional requirements of food. Convenience plays an important bureau in find the food that one consumes. Approximately a 1/3 of children populations are overweight or risk becoming overweight. Childhood obesity is associated to various health effects like hypertension, diabetes and respiratory diseases.The major cause of obesity is lack of physical exercise combined with poor diet. (www.mayoclinic.com). A balance must be struck so that calorie intake does not outdo calorie utilization. Although obesity in children affects people of all race s, gender or color it has been observed that Africa American and Mexican American children are more likely to be overweight compared to non-Hispanic whites. It therefore suffices to say that people of color or the minority groups are more affected by obesity. Children of poor families are also more likely to be grave. Regular consumption of pre-packaged food, fast food, soft drinks can cause obesity as they have quantities of calories and sugars. Consumption of vegetables and legumes is beneficial as they can help check on weight and cardiovascular diseases. Children are a slender population that needs more nutrients than human beings for their growth and development. Improving on the diet and exercising levels can help protect childrens health two at the current levels and in future. (Www.mayoclinic.com). Physical exercises help burn out excess calories in the body. This helps reduce chances of acquiring illnesses for instance diabetes and high blood pressure. They also contrib ute to healthy bones and muscles. Children need to burn up calories through physical activities. (www.kidshealth.org). They should not over rely on inactive leisure activities like watching television, surfing the net and playing video games. Families must play an important role in ensuring that their children stay healthy. Parents have a major role to play in influencing their childrens health. Parents are responsible for shopping and cooking in their homes and they determine the lifestyles to be adapted. They also set examples of the eating patterns as well as exercising patterns that to be ad prefered by their children. Parents should engage their children parents should engage their children in physical activities like swimming and jogging while at the corresponding time ensuring that they provide healthy diets. Incorporating fruits and vegetables in their diets will be beneficial. Parents can also ensure that their children take food that is enough or that they eat with modera tion. The mayo Clinic website section on childhood explains the signs, causes and problems that are associated with childhood obesity. It also provides ways by which families can control and prevent obesity in children. (www.mayoclinic.com). Another important website that addresses the costs and consequences that obese children face as well as their potential future with obesity and the weight related health care issue is the fling Food Science. The Kids Health website provides important in-depth information to parents on how they should maintain their childrens health. It addresses the issues related to childhood obesity and its effects. Obesity in America organization website addresses the obesity issues. It focuses more on medical reasons for obesity. Obesity in children increases their healthcare expenditure compared to non-obese children. Obese children are more likely to have laboratory-screening tests as medical supply belief that they are at greater risks. Their blood pre ssure levels or lab values for cholesterol are higher than for normal healthy children translating to the increased costs.They are screened for blood pressure, sleep apnea and orthopedic abnormalities. (Junkfoodscience.blogspot.com). Advocacy groups that can be useful in combating obesity in the US include the Endocrine auberge and The Hormone foundation. The Endocrine society is the worlds largest and most active professional organization of endocrinologists in the world and it is dedicated to promoting excellence in research, education and clinical advancements in the endocrinology field. The hormone foundation is an affiliate of the endocrine society and its very important in disseminating information. It has established programs on childhood or paediatric obesity. It works hand in hand with the Congress and Federal agencies that impact policies dealing with obesity. (www.obesityinamerica.org). Parents should be create time to prepare nutritious foods for their children. They sh ould not opt for the quick fix that can harm their childrens health. Obese children can have problems with their self esteem as they can be teased or bullied by their classmates. Obesity in children causes psychological problems to them. Overweight children can have bone and joint problems. They increase their chances of developing asthma and they can experience brusqueness of breath making physical activities more difficult. They have restless or disordered sleep patterns that can affect their development. Tendency to mature earlier is also reported in overweight children and overweight girls tend to have irregular menstrual cycles and fertility problems in their later days. A stitch in time saves nine and adverse overweight effects can be counted if appropriate measures are taken. Schools have contributed to the increased numbers of obese and overweight children in America. lesser time is allocated to physical education programs and some schools have cut it altogether. Sedentary l ifestyles in children have consequently aggravated. Although genetics may contribute to obesity in children, the impact may be reduced if physical exercises and strict dietary measures are followed. It could be difficult to establish if an obese child born of obese parents is obese due to the genetic factor or due to the family lifestyles. (Www.kidshealth.org). Parents should set good examples by adhering to appropriate diets as well as participating in exercises. They should not reward good behavior with sweets as they have high sugar levels. Educating the children about the importance of healthy diets is necessary. Children could rebel if ultimate elimination of sweets, snacks or candies is done. They could find ways to access such foods in absence of their parents. Again imposing a specific physical activity on them should be avoided and a variety should be included. The media plays an important role in favoring unhealthy food. children who see people favoring foods in fast foods or in cartoon shows have the mentality that such food is appropriate. They urge their parents to offer them such foods. Children should eat more fruits, vegetables and whole grains. They also ought to get 30-60 minutes of delay to vigorous exercises each day depending on their age. (www.kidshealth.org). Grains provide energy needs for the child and includes whole meal bread, cereals and pasta. They give children energy to play and carry out important activities. Vegetables provide minerals and vitamins needed for good health. They also provide fiber that is important in aiding digestion. Milk is important as it provides vitamin A, D, calcium and proteins. Fats should be used sparingly on children. (Www.kidshealth.org) Although the bill might never make it out of the committee or could be revised and incorporated in an already subsisting bill, I think this is a very applicable policy that can help save American children the consequences of obesity. Disseminating proper information to people through the media can work to curb child obesity. People should also take their own initiative to fight child obesity.ReferencesMayo Clinic staff. 2007. Childhood obesity. Retrieved on 23rd February 2008 fromhttp//www.mayoclinic.com/health/childhood-obesity/DS00698Sandy Szwarc. 2007. Retrieved on 23rd February 2008 fromhttp//junkfoodscience.blogspot.com/2007/01/fat-children-burdens.htmlEndocrine Society and The Hormone Foundation. 2008.Retrieved on 23rd February 2008 from http//www.obesityinamerica.org/aboutus.htmlThe Nemours Foundation. 2008. Kids Health. Retrieved on 23rd February 2008 from http//www.kidshealth.org/parent/GovTrack.US. 2008. S. 100 Healthy Students Act of 2007. Retrieved on 23rd February 2008 from http//www.govtrack.us/congress/billtext.xpd?bill=s110-100

Impact of Bullying on Child Personality

Impact of deterrence on Child PersonalityMunira Minaz AliThis idea discovers the push around behavior as a common feature and, a nightmargon in disciplines and colleges throughout the world. It is a troublesome repetition in school that infringes on chelas wellbeing, dignity and, security. The visible, academic and, psychosocial consequences of bully throw out never be underrated. Therefore this paper will give insight about the meaning, consequence and, causes of bulling through various theories and literature. The characteristics of bullies their victims and the cause of bullying on physical psychological health were also discussed. Finally intervention strategies that involved school system, family and electric shaverren can be implemented and evaluated for both bullies and their victims.We do know that school age is a time in which a young child continues to shape up and support many physical and psychological waxments. However during this time if the child rise u pment is disturbed by any forcefulness and ferocity it can lead to considerable lasting physical, mental and emotional harm. browbeat is one of the common forms of violence that has a significant and bulky lasting effect. It is spacious area of interest cod its negative psychological outcomes and academic performance of children. It is acknowledged as a serious problem which has an adverse effect on wellbeing of a child.This paper attempts to elucidate the causes of bullying with respect to different theories, characteristics of bully and victim, effects of bullying on victim and bully itself and at the end possible strategies would be discussed to mold the act of bullying.Catherine Rothon (2011) defines bullying as blusterous is broadly defined as a desire to hurt and the execution of a harmful action it is characterized by repetition and either a physical or a psychological power imbalance (p.579). In the report of anti-bullying working group, (2013) Professor Olweus regard ed bullying as negative behaviors that are done deliberately and repeatedly against individuals who has trouble defending themselves (p.16). James (2010) reported that on the survey of bullying around the world, the rate of using is 9% -32% and rate of bullying is 3% 27%. In addition, the report of anti-bullying working group, (2013) reported the international comparison of 39 countries and showed percentage of bullied children as 39.2%. Moreover, boys are more apparent to be involved in bullying and get under ones skin target of physical aggression whereas girls are comparatively less involved in bullying and usually involved in spreading rumors and gossips (Moseley, 2011). This is also supported by (Boyle, 2005 James, 2010 Hanif, Nadeem Tariq, 2011). In Pakistan there is no proper statistics available about bullying but the cases of bullying are escalating every year.deterrence is characterized by a multi-factorial approach of causation. Moseley, (2011) highlighted that famil y life is one of the cause of bullying for instance, if authoritarian parents create a harsh and restricted environment, it can increase the chances of adopting negative behaviors. Adding to this, many children timbre unloved therefore they use bullying as an opportunity to make them feel happy and stronger than victim. Besides, many children want to appear themselves dominant on others and, pretend to be tough. Gottfredson and Hirshi (1990) proposed low self-control conjecture as a cause of bullying. This theory elucidate that low self control is the main source of aggressive behaviors. Also, the child is insensitive to others and, likes to hunt for instant gratification (Darmawan, 2010). Another theory highlighted by Darmawan, (2010) is differential association theory which suggests that individuals associated with felonious peers or living in an offending environment are involved in unsociable behaviors and often attracted towards bullying. In regards to this, Darmawan (2010) r eferred social learning theory of bandura (1977) and, describe three conditions that increase the likelihood of childs hostile behavior i.e. when the model is persuasive enough or he/she is rewarded on bad deeds rather than punishment and has comparable features with child. Furthermore, Robert Angrew (2001) proposed general strain theory which explains negatives feelings created by strain can put the child at risk of adopting delinquent behaviors and its a coping strategy to release their stress (Erikson, Nielsen Simonsen, 2012). many another(prenominal) studies assemble that children who suffered from physical or emotional abuse, insult and, rejection are usually involved in bullying (Espelage et al., 2000).Most of the bullies resemble in their characteristics. Smokowski Kelly, (2005) stressed that they are aggressive and likes to dominate themselves. Moreover, they tend to scare others because of their physical strength and disobedient location. Research suggests that their f amiliesare often unfriendly and indifferent towards them (Smokowski Kopasz, 2005). Additionally, Carla Bennett, (n.d.) and br holded Patterson (2012) enlightened that they are energetic, impulsive and have high self-esteem. They use their violence to get what they want and Lack sense of empathy for their victims. They are bad-tempered and cannot tolerate frustration (Blazer, 2005 Smokowski Kopasz, 2005). In contrast, victims address peer abuse, more quiet, anxious and sensitive. They lack communication skills, problem solving ability and are unconfident. (Smokowski Kopasz, 2005).Likewise Bennett, (n.d.) Boyle (2005) identified that they are physically weak, lack interpersonal skills and, hesitate to go to school. Such children have over contraceptive family and their Parents fail to teach conflict resolution skills (Bennett, (n.d.) Smokowski Kopasz, 2005). mentally bullying dispose devastating effects on childs personality for both, victim and bully. This includes physical, a cademic, and psychosocial effects that have prodigious impact on individuals life. Aluedeet al (n.d.) highlighted physical effect on victim that includes headaches, migraine, panic attacks, sweating, palpitation and frequent illness. Br proclaim Patterson (2012) and report on anti-bullying (2013) highlighted academic effects of bullying much(prenominal) as despicable performance and, feeling reluctant in attending school. Studies suggest that such assimilators fail to achieve excellence academically due to inability to concentrate (Darmawan, 2010 Adams Lawrence, 2011). Besides, literature indicated that such children suffer from attention deficit disorder (Smokowski Kopasz, 2005). Furthermore, according to Fekkeset al., (2014), the chances of underdeveloped psychosocial problems are relatively higher in victims as compare to non-victims. These individual faced great difficulty in building relationships and social adjustment. They are poor in making friends, group gathering and tends to remain alone most of the time due to the fear of getting hurt (Adams Lawrence, 2011). In regards to this, they feel spaced and, have poor sense of belonging to groups and families. Adams Lawrence, (2011) further elucidate that their insecurity has been compromised and, they go for safer and restricted areas. They usually experience estrangement and find difficulty to coalesce in a controlling manner. Researchers found that these children more vulnerable to depression, anxiety disorder and in the extreme cases have suicidal ideations (Noret et al, 2009 Fekkes et al., 2014). Moreover, Smokowski Kopasz, (2005) proposed that most of the victims are likely to have sense of inferiority complex, and consider them as failures. Likewise these children also experience misperception, rage and, low self-esteem (Boyle, 2005).Apart from these effect, bullying possess long lasting distresses in later life of these young ones. When they reached adulthood, they encountered trouble in m aking personal relationships and adjustment in their marital life. Besides they may overreact on unimportant situations (Smokowski Kopasz, 2005). Studies indicated that in adulthood, male victims may experience shyness with women and have complications in sexual relationships. Similarly they may take part in vengeance including murder and other criminal acts (Smokowski Kopasz, 2005).However bullying does not only distress victims but it also has undesirable consequences on bully itself. Bullying also cause academic and psychosocial effects on bullies. Studies suggest that bullies have negative consequences in later life if they are allowed to bullying without any check (Boyle, 2005). Noret et al, (2009) concluded that bullies are pervasively involved in negative behaviors. Smokowski Kopasz, (2005) highlighted that academically they achieve low grades in school and do not like school environment. They usually show low potential in employment settings in their later life. From soc ial aspect James, (2010) elucidate that as these children grow older they develop undesirable social skills and involved in acts that are against societal norms. Additionally, they are usually involved in the acts that include vandalism, burglary and truancy (Boyle 2005 Blazer 2005). Longitudinal studies found that they are hostile and usually have few friends. They are poor in maintaining good relationships. From Psychological aspect Smokowski Kopasz, (2005) highlighted that most of the bullies are involved in substance abuse and drug addiction. They are hyperactive and unable to control their aggression. Besides they have high self-esteem and usually fight with others to satisfy their own desires (Erikson, Nielsen Simonsen, 2012 Boyle, 2005).In regards to this, emotional and developmental scars can persist into adolescence and beyond (Mosley, 2011). Bullies also suffers from long lasting effects throughout their life. Patterson, (2012) regards bullying as a introduction toward t he juvenile crime and criminal activities for bullies. Smokowski Kopasz, (2005) further explains that adults who were bullies as children, they generally express violent behaviors towards their spouse and use severe physical punishment on their own kids. Moreover they are unsuccessful in their life and are unable to work in corporation with others. Smokowski Kopasz, (2005) also suggested that they have increase tendency to develop mental disorders such as conduct disorder and depression in their later life.Therefore certain steps are essential to control bullying. Many schools neglect the act of bullying and consider it as a part of childs life. James, (2010) suggested that schools and collages should take strict measures against such acts. From my point of view this can be done by developing zero tolerance policy in schools. Cohen Freiberg (2013) emphasized that school is a place of developing healthy and positive relationships therefore, I suggest that it is essential to improv e school environment in such a way that it can support the weak students and prevent them to become a victim of bully. This can be done by giving professional training to staff members, limited entry exits in schools and supports the children emotionally and academically both, the victim and bully. Besides, Seeley et al., (2011) emphasized that teachers should increase the supervision of students at school settings. I recommend that it can be done by monitoring attendance, calling parents when the student is absent and checking students activities. Moreover,in my opinion counseling should be done with both bully and victim. The bully should be counseled to control their bad conduct and victim should be counseled to strengthen them and solve their problems assertively. Moreover, blazer (2005) highlighted that many parents consider bulling as normal and it would make their children tough. Lawner Terzian (2013) suggested that parental involvement is effective in dealing with bullying . Therefore, I advise that awareness should be given to parents, to understand the seriousness of this problem so that they can reinforce positive behavior and appropriate interpersonal interaction. Moreover, the attitude of bullies can be changed by cognitive restructuring that challenges the nonadaptive thoughts. From my point of view modeling, social skills training and role play can help to change these dysfunctional thoughts. Furthermore, I understand that through short moralizing stories and activities, student can be betrothed in the discussion related to bullying. This would help the bully in realizing their bad deed and attempts in changing their behaviors. On the other hand, this would make victims confident enough to respond assertively and to overcome their fears. Moreover, expressive art therapy demand to be made for such children. Those victims who cannot report bullying or disclose their victimization can express their feelings through writing, drawing and other acti vities and for bullies its a good way to ventilate their aggressive thoughts and feelings through drawings and writings. Other than that, I would suggest that there is a need to explore the prevalence of bullying in Pakistan due to unavailability of statistics to provide the baseline data for planning the interventions.In conclusion, bullying is a pervasive behavior. It is a complex emotional and social expressive style that has significant negative consequences for all. It should be addressed properly and affords should be made at both, individual and system level. As it left psychological scars on childs personality, its prevention is essential to safe child from suffering and emotional trauma. Therefore interventions should be done appropriately and its evaluations carry intense importance.ReferencesAdams, F. D. Lawrence,, G. J. (2011). Bullying Victims The effectuate Last Into College Authors.American Secondary Education, 40 (1), pp. 4-13. Accessed 19 Mar 2014.Aluede, O. A., Adeleke, F., Omoike, D. Afen- Akpaida, J. (n.p.). A Review of the Extent, Nature, Characteristics and Effects of Bullying Behaviour in Schools.Journal Of Instructional Psychology, 35 (2), pp. 151-157. Accessed 19 Mar 2014.Bennett, C. (n.p.).Literature Review of Bullying at Schools. e-book pp. 1-20. Accessed 19 Mar 2014.Blazer, C. (2005).Literature Review on Bullying. e-book florida Research Services Office of duty and Systemwide Performance. pp. 1-20. Accessed 19 Mar 2014.Boyle, D. J. (2005).Youth Bullying Incidence, Impact, and Interventions. e-book Newark, Violence Institute of New Jersey at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey. pp. 1-11. Accessed 19 Mar 2014.Brown, C. Patterson, S. T. (2012). Bullying and School Crisis Intervention.International Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, 2 (7), pp. 1-5. Accessed 19 Mar 2014.Bullying and Mental Health. (2005). e-book Australia Commonwealth of Australia. pp. 1-6. Accessed 19 Mar 2014.Bullying in school A study o f Forms and Motives of Aggression in Two Secondary Schools in the city of Palu, Indonesia. (2010). e-book norway Centre for Peace Studies. pp. 1-111. Accessed 19 Mar 2014.Bullying in Schools Attitudes of Children, Teachers and Parents. (2011).INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS, 3 (8), pp. 1-7. Accessed 19 Mar 2014.Cohen, J. Freiberg, A. (2013).SCHOOL CLIMATE AND BULLYING PREVENTION. e-book pp. 1-5. Accessed 19 Mar 2014.Copeland, W. E., Wolke, D., Angold, A. 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